HEIRSHIP
submitted by Lucy
Moye
Let me preface this by saying that my experience is with
medieval English land law, not early American, but since the latter is derived
from the former, I'll give this a shot...
First, "legatee"= the one to
whom a legacy is left.
"It falling to the said William Adams by heirship"=William
Adams inherited rather than bought it, i.e. he was the (or an) heir of the
previous owner.
"and from him the said Wm Adams to Wm Adams Junr Heir at
Law" This is the tricky one, depending on what the law said about
inheritance. In general, an heir at law is one who is going to get your estate (or part
of it) if you don't leave a will making other arrangements. My guess
here, in the absence of the rest of the sentence (I'm assuming the sentence is
setting out the sequence of owners of the land), is that William Adams Jr.
is either the oldest or the only son, and that he inherited the land
without his father's having willed it to him.
Lucy Moye
Department of History
Hillsdale College
Hillsdale, Michigan 49242
A legacy is a bequest or gift
of PERSONAL PROPERTY by last will and testament.
"Legacy" and "bequest" are equivalent terms. But in strict
common-law terminology "legacy" and "devise" DO NOT MEAN THE SAME
THING AND ARE NOT INTERHCNAGEABLE, the former (legacy) being restricted to
testamentary (by Will) gifts of PERSONAL PROPERTY, while the latter (devise)
is property used only in relation to REAL ESTATE. But by construction, the
word "legacy" may be so extended as to include realty or interests therein,
when this is necessary to make a statute cover its intended
subject-matter or to effectuate the purpose of a testator as expressed in his
will.
There are numerous kinds of legacies, including absolute,
additional, alternate, conditional, contingent, cumulative,
demonstrative, general indefinite, lapsed, modal, residuary, special, specific,
trust, and universal.
A DEVISE is a testamentary disposition of LAND OR
REALTY; a gift of REAL PROPERTY by the last will and testament of the donor.
Devisees are either contingent or vested.
I only add this because in reading a will of an ancestor,
you can generally assume that if someone is named as a legatee, they received
personal property; whereas, if they are named as a devisee, they
received real property. It can make a difference in what you need to look
for in the records. Although, it does state that a legatee CAN refer
to someone receiving real property (under the conditions set forth in
the above definition), generally if your ancestor was a legatee, you
would not be looking for him/her to be grantees under an Executor's
Deed, etc.
The above definitions are taken from Black's Law
dictionary.
Marriage bonds and
banns submitted by Sue
Guptill
Before the NC Constitution of 1868, NC used marriage bonds rather than licenses. The bond was paid by the groom to ensure his good faith intention to marry the bride, and the fact that it was legal for them to marry. It was to prevent a young woman (or an old one, for that matter!)
from being "seduced and abandoned." There should always have been a bondsman, because that was part of the "insurance" that all was on the up and up--if a man reneged on the wedding without good reason and the mutual consent of the bride, then not only he, but also the bondsman lost
the money posted. If no bondsman showed on the bond, then it was probably technically not a legal bond. The bond was posted a short time before the wedding in the bride's county of residence.
A groom did not have to post a bond. The alternative was to have the upcoming wedding announced in the bride's church for 3 consecutive Sundays before the wedding. (This was "posting the banns"). The advantage to posting the banns was that it was free. Of course, you couldn't do it
if the bride didn't have a church, or if you wanted to get married quicker than that. Also, a bond didn't mean that a wedding took place. A groom might post a bond, then for some perfectly legitimate reason, the wedding might be called off--maybe a death in one of the families,
illness of rhe bride or groom, etc. The bond was not binding on the bride, either, so if SHE called off the wedding, there was no penalty. All of which means that just because there was a bond didn't mean there was a wedding, and just because there wasn't a bond doesn't mean there
wasn't a wedding. Also, the wedding date was most likely not the bond date, although most of us use that in our databases.
(Supposedly there were some marriage bonds that didn't even name the bride, because during that time she had no property rights once she married, so there was no reason to "officially" name her. I've never seen a marriage bond without a bride's name, though).
Below is a list of the subtitles found
in the North Carolina Research Outline.
-
Records Of The Family History Library
- Familysearch
- Familysearch, At Family
History Centers
- Familysearchô,Internet
Genealogy Service
- Family History Library Catalog
- Archives And Libraries
- Archives And
Libraries
- National Archives
- University
Collections
- Inventories Of County
Records
- Computer Networks And
Bulletin Boards
- Bible Records
- Biography
- Cemeteries
- Internet Tombstone
Transcripts And Index
- Wpa Cemetery Index
- Cemetery Records
- Census
- Federal Censuses
- State Census
- Colonial Census
Substitutes
- Church Records
- Baptist
- Disciples Of Christ
- Episcopal
- Lutheran
- Methodist
- Moravian
- Presbyterian
- Roman Catholic
- Society Of Friends
(quakers)
- Court Records
- Colonial And State
Courts
- County Courts
- Confederate States
Court
- Federal Courts
- Directories
- Emigration And Immigration
- People
- Records
- Gazetteers
- Genealogy
- Nationwide Indexes
- Statewide
Bibliography
- Manuscript
Collections
- Published Collections
- History
- Land And Property
- Government Land
Grants
- Land Grant History In
North Carolina
- Land Grant Indexes
- Land Grant Records From
The Provincial Or Proprietary Era (1663-1729)
- Land Grant Records From
The Revolutionary War And State Era (1777-1959)
- Subsequent Exchanges Of
Land
- Maps
- Military Records
- Colonial Wars
- Revolutionary War
(1775-1783)
- War Of 1812
(1812-1815)
- Indian Wars
(1711-1858)
- Mexican War
(1846-1848)
- Civil War
- Spanish-american War
(1898-1899)
- World War I
(1917-1918)
- World War I And Later
Wars
- Minorities
- African Americans
- Other Minorities
- Native Races
- Cherokee Families That
Stayed In North Carolina
- Cherokee Families That
Moved To Oklahoma
- Naturalization And Citizenship
- Pre-1906 Naturalization
Records
- Naturalization Records
After 1906
- Newspapers
- Inventory On The
Internet
- Published Inventories
- Birth, Marriage, And Death
Notices In Newspapers
- Availability
- Obituaries
- Occupations
- Apprenticeship Bonds, Ca.
1840-1925
- Periodicals
- Probate Records
- Index To Wills
- Wills
- Estate Papers
- Public Records
- Colonial Records
- Boards Of County
Commissioners
- Schools
- Societies
- Taxation
- Vital Records
- Birth And Death
Records
- Bastardy Bonds
- Marriage Records, Early To
1868
- Marriage Records After
1868
- County Marriage Records At
The Family History Library
- Divorce Records
- Voting Registers
Occupations
Here is a list of old occupations compiled by a
Dan Burrows who put these 130 items together from many sources. This
came on another list and thought it might be of intersest as we
search old records. Hope they are of help to you, especially when
reading census records or wills.. LROGERS15@aol.com
- Accomptant-- Accountant
- Almoner-- Giver of charity to the
needy
- Amanuensis-- Secretary or
stenographer
- Artificer-- A soldier mechanic who does
repairs
B
Bailie-- Bailiff
- Baxter-- Baker
- Bluestocking-- Female writer
- Boniface-- Keeper of an inn
- Brazier-- One who works with
brass
- Brewster-- Beer manufacturer
- Brightsmith-- Metal Worker
- Burgonmaster-- Mayor
C
Caulker-- One who filled up cracks (in ships
or windows or seems to make them watertight by using tar or oakum-hem fiber produced by
taking old ropes apart
- Chaisemaker-- Carriage maker
- Chandler-- Dealer or trader; one who makes
or sells candles; retailer of groceries, ship supplier
- Chiffonnier-- Wig maker
- Clark-- Clerk
- Clerk-- Clergyman, cleric
- Clicker-- The servant of a salesman who
stood at the door to invite customers;one who receive the matter in the galley from the
compositors and arranged it in due form ready for printing; one
who makes eyelet holes in boots using a machine which
clicked.
- Cohen-- Priest
- Collier-- Coal miner
- Colporteur-- Peddler of books & hoops,
such as casks, barrels, tubs, etc.
- Cordwainer-- Shoemaker, originally any
leather worker using leather from
- Cordova/Cordoba in Spain
- Costermonger-- Peddler of fruits and
vegetables
- Crocker-- Potter
- Crowner-- Coroner
- Currier-- One who dresses the coat of a
horse with a currycomb; one who tanned leather by incorporating oil or grease
D
Docker-- Stevedore, dock worker who loads
and unloads cargo
- Dowser-- One who finds water using a rod or
witching stick
- Draper-- A dealer in dry goods
- Drayman-- One who drives a long strong cart
without fixed sides for carrying heavy loads
- Dresser-- A surgeon's assistant in a
hospital
- Drover-- One who drives cattle, sheep, etc.
to market; a dealer in cattle
- Duffer-- Peddler
-
F
Factor Agent-- commission merchant; one who
acts or transacts business for another; Scottish steward or bailiff of an estate
- Farrier-- A blacksmith, one who shoes
horses
- Faulkner-- Falconer
- Fell monger-- One who removes hair or wool
from hides in preparation for leather making
- Fletcher-- One who made bows and
arrows
- Fuller-- One who fulls cloth;one who
shrinks and thickens woolen cloth by moistening,
heating and pressing; one who cleans and finishes
cloth
G
Gaoler-- A keeper of the goal, a
jailer
- Glazier-- Window glassman
-
H
Hacker-- Maker of hoes
- Hatcheler-- One who combed out or carded
flax
- Haymonger-- Dealer in hay
- Hayward-- Keeper of fences
- Higgler-- Itinerant peddler
- Hillier-- Roof tiler
- Hind-- A farm laborer
- Holster-- A groom who took care of horses,
often at an inn
- Hooker-- Reaper
- Hooper-- One who made hoops for casks and
barrels
- Huckster-- Sells small wares
- Husbandman-- A farmer who cultivated the
land
-
J
Jagger-- Fish peddler
- Journeyman-- One who had served his
apprenticeship and mastered his craft, not bound to serve a master, but hired by the
day
- Joyner / Joiner-- A skilled
carpenter
-
K
Keeler-- Bargeman
- Kempster-- Wool comber
-
L
Lardner-- Keeper of the
cupboard
- Lavender-- Washer woman
- Lederer-- Leather maker
- Leech-- Physician
- Longshoreman-- Stevedore
- Lormer --Maker of horse gear
M
- Malender-- Farmer
- Maltster-- Brewer
- Manciple-- A steward
- Mason-- Bricklayer
- Mintmaster-- One who issued local
currency
- Monger-- Seller of goods (ale,
fish)
- Muleskinner-- Teamster
N
Neatherder-- Herds cows
O
Ordinary Keeper-- Innkeeper with fixed
prices
P
- Pattern Maker-- A maker of a clog shod with
an iron ring. A clog was a wooden pole with a pattern cut into the end
- Peregrinator-- Itinerant
wanderer
- Peruker-- A wig maker
- Pettifogger-- A shyster lawyer
- Pigman-- Crockery dealer
- Plumber-- One who applied sheet lead for
roofing and set lead frames for plain or stained glass windows.
- Porter-- Door keeper
- Puddler-- Wrought iron worker
-
- Q
-
- Quarrier-- Quarry worker
-
- R
-
- Rigger-- Hoist tackle worker
- Ripper-- Seller of fish
- Roper-- Maker of rope or nets
-
- S
-
- Saddler-- One who makes, repairs or sells
saddles or other furnishings for horses
- Sawbones-- Physician
- Sawyer-- One who saws;
carpenter
- Schumacker-- Shoemaker
- Scribler-- A minor or worthless
author
- Scrivener-- Professional or public copyist
or writer; notary public
- Scrutiner-- Election judge
- Shrieve-- Sheriff
- Slater-- Roofer
- Slopseller-- Seller of ready-made clothes
in a slop shop
- Snobscat / Snob-- One who repaired
shoes
- Sorter-- Tailor
- Spinster-- A woman who spins or an
unmarried woman
- Spurrer-- Maker of spurs
- Squire-- Country gentleman; farm owner;
justice of peace
- Stuff gown-- Junior barrister
- Stuff gownsman-- Junior
barrister
- Supercargo-- Officer on merchant ship who
is in charge of cargo and the commercial concerns of the ship.
-
T
-
- Tanner-- One who tans (cures) animal hides
into leather
- Tapley-- One who puts the tap in an ale
cask
- Tasker-- Reaper
- Teamster-- One who drives a team for
hauling
- Thatcher-- Roofer
- Tide waiter-- Customs inspector
- Tinker-- Am itinerant tin pot and pan
seller and repairman
- Tipstaff-- Policeman
- Travers-- Toll bridge
collection
- Tucker-- Cleaner of cloth goods
- Turner-- A person who turns wood on a lathe
into spindles
-
V
Victualer-- A tavern keeper, or one who
provides an army, navy or ship with food
- Vulcan-- Blacksmith
-
W
Wagoner-- Teamster not for
hire
- Wainwright-- Wagon maker
- Waiter Customs officer or tide waiter-- one
who waited on the tide to collect duty on goods brought in.
- Waterman-- Boatman who plies for
hire
- Webster-- Operator of looms
- Wharfinger-- Owner of a wharf
- Wheelwright-- One who made or repaired
wheels; wheeled carriages,etc.
- Whitesmith Tinsmith-- worker of iron who
finishes or polishes the work
- Whitewing-- Street sweeper
- Whitster-- Bleach of cloth
- Wright-- Workman, especially a construction
worker
-
- Y
Yeoman Farmer-- who owns his own
land
Miscellaneous
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